clonazePAM
PrintTrade Name(s): KlonoPIN; ClonazePAM | |
Group 3: Reproductive Hazard | AHFS Class: Benzodiazepines |
Activity | Gloves | Gown | Eye/Face | Mask | Notes/Instructions |
Dispensing prepackaged formulations |
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Counting/Repackaging tablets and capsules | Recommended if pregnant, breast feeding, or trying to conceive | If risk of dust inhalation |
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Repackaging oral liquids | If risk of spill or splash | If risk of inhalation |
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Formulation | Gloves | Gown | Eye/Face | Mask | Notes/Instructions |
Tablet or capsule - from unit dose package | or Recommended if pregnant, breast feeding, or trying to conceive. |
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Liquid - oral or feeding tube | or Recommended if pregnant, breast feeding, or trying to conceive. | Recommended if pregnant, breast feeding, or trying to conceive. | If potential for splash, vomit or spit up. |
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Reference: NIOSH 2016, USP <800>
Type of Instance | Gloves | Gown | Mask | Eye/Face | Notes/Instructions |
Receiving undamaged HD shipping container |
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Receiving damaged HD shipping container | If container must be opened | If container must be opened | If container must be opened |
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Spill Cleanup | Large volume | Large volume |
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Reference: USP <800>
Hazardous Pharmaceutical | Trace Chemo | Biohazardous and Sharps |
1. Non-returnable hazardous, chemo and EPA regulated drugs. (Patient specific prescriptions, partially used blister packs, containers with more than 3% medication remaining) 2. Empty bottles or packaging of P-Listed drugs. (Warfarin, nicotine, epinephrine, nitroglycerin, physostigmine) 3. PPE with visible contamination from hazardous drug. | 1. Waste contaminated through contact with chemotherapeutic agents. (Empty vials, IV bags, syringes and tubing) 2. PPE worn while handling hazardous drugs with NO visible contamination. (Gowns, gloves and masks) 3. Used CSTD devices. | 1. All sharps capable of cutting or piercing the skin. (Needles/syringes, broken ampules, lancets) 2. Items contaminated with blood or other potentially infectious materials. (Tubing, bags or dressings containing blood, contaminated waste from isolation patients) |
Dosage Form | Ship to Institution or Pharmacy | Ship to Locations Outside of ODOC |
Tablets and Capsules |
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Liquid, Topical, and Transdermal |
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PPE | Standards |
Shoe Covers |
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Gowns |
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Gloves |
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Face Shields |
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Goggles |
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N95 Masks |
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Removal and Disposal |
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Reference: USP <800>
- Material may be irritating to the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract.
- May be harmful by inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption.
- May cause eye, skin, or respiratory system irritation.
Reference:SDS - Cayman Chemical
CSA SCH: C-IV
Only met the NIOSH criteria as a developmental and/or reproductive hazard
Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is considered the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human body 6,7,8. When GABA binds to GABA(a) receptors found in neuron synapses, chloride ions are conducted across neuron cell membranes via an ion channel in the receptors 6,7,8,13. With enough chloride ions conducted, the local, associated neuron membrane potentials are hyperpolarized - making it more difficult or less likely for action potentials to fire, ultimately resulting in less excitation of the neurons 6,7,8,13.
Subsequently, benzodiazepines like clonazepam can bind to benzodiazepine receptors that are components of various varieties of GABA(a) receptors 6,7,8,13,11,12. This binding acts to enhance the effects of GABA by increasing GABA affinity for the GABA(a) receptor, which ultimately enhances GABA ligand binding at the receptors 6,7,8,13,11,12. This enhanced ligand binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA to the receptors increases the aforementioned chloride ion conduction (perhaps reportedly via an increase in the frequency of the chloride channel opening), resulting in a hyperpolarized cell membrane that prevents further excitation of the associated neuron cells 6,7,8,13,11,12. Combined with the notion that such benzodiazepine receptor associated GABA(a) receptors exist both peripherally and in the CNS, this activity consequently facilitates various effects like sedation, hypnosis, skeletal muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, and anxiolytic action 6,7,8,13,11,12.
In particular, when out of the ordinary rapid and repetitive electrical signals are released in the CNS, it is proposed that the brain can become over-stimulated and ordinary functions are disrupted - resulting in seizure activity 8. By enhancing the neuro-inhibitory activity of GABA, it is believed that clonazepam can facilitate in decreasing any excessive electrical nerve activity in the CNS that might be contributing to seizures 8. Concurrently, it is also believed that clonazepam's actions in enhancing GABA effects may inhibit neuronal activity proposed to occur in amygdala-centered fear circuits - therefore assisting in the management of anxiety or panic7.
Reference Drug Bank