Rpharmy Rhazdrugs • estradiol

Preparation Administration Receiving and Storage Disposal Transport PPE Additional Information Assessment of Risk Exposure Risk Supplemental Information Mechanism of Action Safety Data Sheet(s) Black Box Warning Approval

estradiol

Trade Name(s): Estrace; Estradiol; Estra-25; Estra-50;
Group 2: Non-Antineoplastic Hazardous	AHFS Class: Estrogens

Preparation:

In-Cell Hazardous Drug
Injectable (IM, SubQ, IV, IR, etc.) - 2&3

In-Cell Hazardous Drug

Activity	Gloves	Gown	Eye/Face	Notes/Instructions
Dispensing prepackaged formulations				This medication is approved for in-cell, self-administration by the patient. Product must be labeled with hazardous drug auxiliary sticker to alert the patient and security staff that special handling precautions apply. PPE not required if dispensed in manufacturer packaging with no counting or manipulation needed.
Counting/Repackaging tablets and capsules		Recommended if pregnant, breast feeding or trying to conceive		This medication is approved for in-cell, self-administration by the patient. Product must be labeled with hazardous drug auxiliary sticker to alert the patient and security staff that special handling precautions apply. Do not split, crush, open, or otherwise manipulate tablets or capsules. Manually prepack and count in designated HD area with dedicated equipment. Do not use Automated Repackaging equipment. Only the minimum number of tablets or capsules necessary to accomplish the task should be emptied from the bottle onto the counting tray. Reasonable efforts should be made to minimize the production of powder/dust and aerosolization of any particulate as well as residual dust present in the tray. Deactivate, decontaminate, clean and disinfect area and equipment after use and between hazardous drugs.

Injectable (IM, SubQ, IV, IR, etc.) - 2&3

Action	Gloves	Gown	Eye/Face	Mask	CSTD
Dispensing prepackaged formulations						PPE not required if dispensed in manufacturer packaging with no counting or manipulation needed.
Preparing an Injectable Dose			If risk of spill or splash	If risk of inhalation	If dosage form allows	CSTDs known to be physically or chemically incompatible with a specific HD must not be used for that hazardous drug.

Administration:

In-Cell Hazardous Drug
Injectable (IM, SubQ, IV, IR, etc.) - 2&3

In-Cell Hazardous Drug

Formulation	Gloves	Gown	Eye/Face	Notes/Instructions
Tablets and capsules	(If patient requires assistance)	(If patient requires assistance)		This medication is approved for in-cell, self-administration by the patient. Dispense directly to patient, PPE not required. If patient requires assistance, administer following PPE requirements. Product must be labeled with hazardous drug auxiliary sticker to alert the patient and security staff that special handling precautions apply. Do not crush, cut, open or manipulate hazardous drugs.
Topicals, creams, vaginal rings	(If patient requires assistance)	(If patient requires assistance)		This medication is approved for in-cell, self-administration by the patient. Dispense directly to patient, PPE not required. If patient requires assistance, administer following PPE requirements. Product must be labeled with hazardous drug auxiliary sticker to alert the patient and security staff that special handling precautions apply. Do not crush, cut, open or manipulate hazardous drugs.

Injectable (IM, SubQ, IV, IR, etc.) - 2&3

Formulation	Gloves	Gown	Eye/Face	Mask	CSTD
Prepared injectable (vial, syringe, IV solution, irrigation*)	or Recommended if pregnant, breast feeding, or trying to conceive	If splash possible or recommended if pregnant, breast feeding, or trying to conceive	If splash possible or recommended if pregnant, breast feeding, or trying to conceive	Recommended if pregnant, breast feeding, or trying to conceive	If dosage form allows
Manufacturer packaged pre-filled syringe or injector	or Recommended if pregnant, breast feeding, or trying to conceive				if provided in kit, or if dosage form allows

* Intravenous tubing already attached and primed.

** Bladder, HIPEC, limb perfusion, etc.

Reference: NIOSH 2016, USP <800>

Receiving and Storage:

Storage & Handling

Storage & Handling

Type of Instance	Gloves	Gown	Mask	Eye/Face	Notes/Instructions
Receiving undamaged HD shipping container					Hazardous drugs should be received in impervious plastic to segregate them from other drugs and to allow for safety in the receiving process. HDs must be delivered to the HD storage area immediately after unpacking.
Receiving damaged HD shipping container		If container must be opened	If container must be opened	If container must be opened	If possible, do not open the container. Instead, segregate the container in a segregated area and mark "hazardous." Alert other staff and contact the supplier for direction. If the container is to be returned, leave in the segregated area until the return is complete. If the damaged HD container must be opened, don the appropriate PPE and transport the container to the designated HD area. Remove undamaged items, cleaning the outside of each with alcohol or hydrogen peroxide. Enclose the damaged HD item(s) in a hazardous plastic bag, seal in a small shipping box marked "hazardous," and place in a segregated area. Clean the designated HD area where the container was handled. Contact the supplier for direction. If the supplier declines return, dispose of as hazardous waste. If the damaged HD in the shipping container constitutes a large volume spill, report to the USP 800 Specialist.
Spill Cleanup			Large volume	Large volume	Clear the area of the spill and restrict access, if necessary. Small Volume Spills: Powder or liquid spills of 5 grams/ml or less. Clean spill using a cloth, towel or wipe dampened with alcohol or hydrogen peroxide. Do not spray cleaning product directly on to surface or spill. Large Volume Spills: Powder or liquid spills of 5 grams/ml or more. Use a Chemo Spill Kit and the cleaning agents included, following the instructions in the kit. Contain liquid spills by covering with absorbent sheets. If the spill is a powder, use a cloth, towel or wipe dampened with alcohol or hydrogen peroxide. Report large volume spills to the USP 800 specialist. Dispose of all contaminated materials in the appropriate hazardous drug waste container. After removing PPE, wash hands, arms, and face.

Reference: USP <800>

Disposal:

Disposals - All

Disposals - All

Hazardous Pharmaceutical

Trace Chemo

Biohazardous and Sharps

1. Non-returnable hazardous, chemo and EPA regulated drugs.
(Patient specific prescriptions, partially used blister packs, containers with more than 3% medication remaining)

2. Empty bottles or packaging of P-Listed drugs.
(Warfarin, nicotine, epinephrine, nitroglycerin, physostigmine)

3. PPE with visible contamination from hazardous drug.

1. Waste contaminated through contact with chemotherapeutic agents.

(Empty vials, IV bags, syringes and tubing)

2. PPE worn while handling hazardous drugs with NO visible contamination.

(Gowns, gloves and masks)

3. Used CSTD devices.

1. All sharps capable of cutting or piercing the skin.
(Needles/syringes, broken ampules, lancets)

2. Items contaminated with blood or other potentially infectious materials.
(Tubing, bags or dressings containing blood, contaminated waste from isolation patients)

Transport:

Transporting

Transporting

Dosage Form	Ship to Institution or Pharmacy	Ship to Locations Outside of ODOC
Tablets and Capsules	Transport in appropriate resealable clear plastic bag with "Hazardous Drug" labeling or sticker. Place bagged HD in a small shipping box labeled "Hazardous" and seal. Place sealed box inside larger shipping container or box and seal.	Transport in appropriate resealable clear plastic bag with "Hazardous Drug" labeling or sticker. Place bagged HD in a small shipping box labeled "Hazardous" and seal. Place sealed box inside larger shipping container or box and seal. Include storage, disposal, and HazD category information.
Liquid, Topical, and Transdermal	Transport in appropriate resealable clear plastic bag with "Hazardous Drug" labeling or sticker. Place bagged HD in a small shipping box labeled "Hazardous" and seal. Place sealed box inside larger shipping container or box and seal.	Transport in appropriate resealable clear plastic bag with "Hazardous Drug" labeling or sticker. Place bagged HD in a small shipping box labeled "Hazardous" and seal. Place sealed box inside larger shipping container or box and seal. Include storage, disposal, and HazD category information.

PPE:

PPE Standards

PPE Standards

PPE	Standards
Shoe Covers	To avoid spreading HD contamination and exposing other healthcare workers, shoe covers worn in HD handling areas must not be worn to other areas.
Gowns	Gowns must be changed per the manufacturer's information for permeation of the gown. If no permeation information is available, change them every 2-3 hours or immediately after a spill or splash. Gowns are not reusable and must be disposed of after use. Must close in the back (no open front) Gowns worn in hazardous drug handling areas must NOT be worn to other areas
Gloves	Must be worn when handling all HDs Inspect for physical defects before use. Gloves should be changed every 30 minutes (unless otherwise recommended by the manufacturer) and immediately when torn, punctured, or contaminated. Gloves must be changed in between patients when administering different HDs. Wash hands with soap and water after removing.
Face Shields	Face shields should be worn in situations where eye, mouth, or nasal splashing is possible Face shields can be worn with goggles to provide a full range of protection against splashes to the face and eyes.
Goggles	Goggles must be used when eye protection is needed. Eye glasses, safety glasses and face shields do not provide adequate eye protection. Must be worn when there is a risk for spills or splashes of HDs or HD waste materials.
N95 Masks	Personnel who are unpacking HDs that are not contained in plastic should wear an N95 mask until the drug can be identified. Surgical masks do not provide respiratory protection from HD exposure and must not be used. N95 respirators offer no protection against gases and vapors and little protection against direct liquid splashes. Follow all requirements in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) respiratory protection standard (29 CFR 1910.134).
Removal and Disposal	All PPE worn when handling HDs is considered contaminated. Remove gloves first, grasping the outside of the glove with the opposite gloved hand. Hold the removed glove in the gloved hand. Slide the fingers of the ungloved hand under the remained glove at wrist. Peel second glove over the first glove. If wearing double glove, remove the outer gloves one at a time, turning them carefully inside out to avoid touching the outside. Leave inner gloves on. The face shield, if worn, should be removed next, while avoiding contact with the front. Remove the gown, using care to pull it away from the body, not pulling it over the head, to avoid transfer of contamination to clothes and skin. Turn the gown inside out, fold it tightly, and discard it. Remove the mask (if worn), avoiding touching the face-piece. Remove inner gloves (if double gloved) and discard in the disposal container. Immediately wash hands with soap and water. . PPE must be placed in an appropriate waste container and further disposed of per local, state, and federal regulations.

Reference: USP <800>

Additional Information:

ODOC Formweb

Assessment of Risk:

AoR tablets

AoR topical

AoR injection

Exposure Risk:

Suspected of causing cancer {state route of exposure if it is conclusively proven that no other routes of exposure cause the hazard}.
May damage fertility or the unborn child.
Very toxic to aquatic life.

Reference: SDS - Cayman Chemical

Supplemental Information:

Black Box warning for malignant neoplasms; Increased risk of endometrial cancer, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer; in laboratory studies, increased frequency of carcinomas of the breast, uterus, cervix, vagina, testis, and liver; Present in breast milk

Mechanism of Action:

Estrogen mediates its effects across the body through potent agonism of the Estrogen Receptor (ER), which is located in various tissues including in the breasts, uterus, ovaries, skin, prostate, bone, fat, and brain. Estradiol binds to both subtypes of the Estrogen Receptor: Estrogen Receptor Alpha (ERα) and Estrogen Receptor Beta (ERβ). Estradiol also acts as a potent agonist of G Protein-coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER), which has recently been recognized as a major mediator of estradiol's rapid cellular effects 9.

When the estrogen receptor has bound its ligand it can enter the nucleus of the target cell, and regulate gene transcription which leads to formation of messenger RNA. The mRNA interacts with ribosomes to produce specific proteins that express the effect of estradiol upon the target cell. Estrogens increase the hepatic synthesis of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), thyroid-binding globulin (TBG), and other serum proteins and suppress follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary.

Reference: Drug Bank

Safety Data Sheet(s):